This example uses a terraform.tfvars file and workspaces to manage different environments (dev, staging, prod) for a simple web application using AWS.
File Structure:
text
project/
├── main.tf
├── variables.tf
├── terraform.tfvars
└── dev.tfvars # (Optional, alternative to workspaces)This file defines the input variables, allowing you to customize each environment.
hcl
variable "environment" {
description = "The deployment environment (dev, staging, prod)"
type = string
default = "dev"
}
variable "instance_type" {
description = "The EC2 instance type"
type = string
# No default here, it will be set in terraform.tfvars
}
variable "instance_count" {
description = "Number of EC2 instances to create"
type = number
}
variable "enable_monitoring" {
description = "Whether to enable detailed monitoring"
type = bool
default = false
}This file sets the common variables. You can override these per environment using -var-file or workspaces.
hcl
# Common settings (can be overridden)
instance_type = "t3.micro"
instance_count = 1
enable_monitoring = falseThis is the main configuration that uses the variables to create resources. The local.env prefix is a best practice to avoid naming conflicts.
hcl
# Configure the AWS Provider
provider "aws" {
region = "us-east-1"
}
# Create a local value to simplify naming conventions
locals {
env_prefix = "${var.environment}-myapp"
}
# Create a VPC (simplified)
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
tags = {
Name = "${local.env_prefix}-vpc"
Env = var.environment
}
}
# Create an EC2 instance
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
# The count meta-argument allows us to scale per environment
count = var.instance_count
ami = "ami-0cff7528ff583bf9a" # Amazon Linux 2 AMI
instance_type = var.instance_type
monitoring = var.environment == "prod" ? true : var.enable_monitoring # Enable monitoring automatically if prod
tags = {
Name = "${local.env_prefix}-web-${count.index + 1}"
Env = var.environment
}
}
# Output the public IPs of the created instances
output "instance_public_ips" {
description = "Public IP addresses of the EC2 instances"
value = aws_instance.web[*].public_ip
}Step 1: Initialize and Deploy to Dev
bash
# Initialize Terraform
terraform init
# Deploy to the default environment (dev, as per variables.tf)
terraform apply -var-file="terraform.tfvars"Step 2: Create a Workspace for Staging & Deploy
Workspaces allow you to manage distinct state files for each environment.
bash
# Create a new workspace for staging
terraform workspace new staging
# Deploy the staging environment, overriding any variables
terraform apply -var="environment=staging" -var="instance_count=2"Step 3: Create a Workspace for Production & Deploy
bash
# Create a new workspace for production
terraform workspace new prod
# Deploy to production with more powerful instances and monitoring
terraform apply -var="environment=prod" -var="instance_type=t3.medium" -var="instance_count=3" -var="enable_monitoring=true"To switch between environments to make changes:
bash
# See current workspace
terraform workspace show
# Switch to staging workspace
terraform workspace select staging
# Make changes only to staging
terraform apply -var="environment=staging" -var="instance_count=2"This is a simple, cost-effective setup for a static website hosted on AWS S3 and CloudFront.
hcl
terraform {
required_providers {
aws = {
source = "hashicorp/aws"
version = "~> 5.0"
}
}
}
provider "aws" {
region = "us-east-1"
}
# Create a unique S3 bucket name
resource "random_id" "bucket_suffix" {
byte_length = 4
}
locals {
bucket_name = "my-portfolio-${random_id.bucket_suffix.hex}"
domain_name = "myportfolio.com" # CHANGE THIS TO YOUR DOMAIN
}
# S3 Bucket for hosting the static site
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "portfolio_bucket" {
bucket = local.bucket_name
}
resource "aws_s3_bucket_website_configuration" "portfolio_config" {
bucket = aws_s3_bucket.portfolio_bucket.bucket
index_document {
suffix = "index.html"
}
error_document {
key = "error.html"
}
}
# Make bucket contents public
resource "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block" "portfolio_public_access" {
bucket = aws_s3_bucket.portfolio_bucket.id
block_public_acls = false
block_public_policy = false
ignore_public_acls = false
restrict_public_buckets = false
}
resource "aws_s3_bucket_policy" "allow_public_read" {
bucket = aws_s3_bucket.portfolio_bucket.id
policy = data.aws_iam_policy_document.allow_public_read.json
}
data "aws_iam_policy_document" "allow_public_read" {
statement {
principals {
type = "*"
identifiers = ["*"]
}
actions = [
"s3:GetObject"
]
resources = [
"${aws_s3_bucket.portfolio_bucket.arn}/*",
]
}
}
# Upload a simple index.html file
resource "aws_s3_object" "index" {
bucket = aws_s3_bucket.portfolio_bucket.bucket
key = "index.html"
source = "./index.html" # You need to create this HTML file
content_type = "text/html"
etag = filemd5("./index.html")
}
# Output the website URL
output "website_url" {
description = "URL of the portfolio website"
value = aws_s3_bucket_website_configuration.portfolio_config.website_endpoint
}html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Portfolio</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Work Portfolio</h1>
<p>This site is hosted on AWS S3, deployed with Terraform!</p>
</body>
</html>bash
# Save the main.tf and index.html files
terraform init
terraform apply
# Type 'yes' when prompted. Terraform will output the website URL.Important Note: Always run terraform plan before apply to review what will be created. Remember to terraform destroy when you are finished to avoid unnecessary cloud costs.
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